Can a spontaneous smile invalidate facial identification by photo-anthropometry?
Pinto Paulo Henrique Viana, Rodrigues Caio Henrique Pinke, Rozatto Juliana Rodrigues, da Silva Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues, Bruni Aline Thais, da Silva Marco Antonio Moreira Rodrigues, da Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves,
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( Pinto Paulo Henrique Viana ) - University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Medical School Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine
( Rodrigues Caio Henrique Pinke ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto Department of Chemistry
( Rozatto Juliana Rodrigues ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontics
( da Silva Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto Department of Restorative Dentistry
( Bruni Aline Thais ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto Department of Chemistry
( da Silva Marco Antonio Moreira Rodrigues ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto Department of Restorative Dentistry
( da Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves ) - University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology
Abstract
Purpose: Using images in the facial image comparison process poses a challenge for forensic experts due to limitations such as the presence of facial expressions. The aims of this study were to analyze how morphometric changes in the face during a spontaneous smile influence the facial image comparison process and to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements obtained by digital stereophotogrammetry in these situations.
Materials and Methods: Three examiners used digital stereophotogrammetry to obtain 3-dimensional images of the faces of 10 female participants (aged between 23 and 45 years). Photographs of the participants' faces were captured with their faces at rest (group 1) and with a spontaneous smile (group 2), resulting in a total of 60 3-dimensional images. The digital stereophotogrammetry device obtained the images with a 3.5-ms capture time, which prevented undesirable movements of the participants. Linear measurements between facial landmarks were made, in units of millimeters, and the data were subjected to multivariate and univariate statistical analyses using Pirouette® version 4.5 (InfoMetrix Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA) and Microsoft Excel® (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), respectively.
Results: The measurements that most strongly influenced the separation of the groups were related to the labial/buccal region. In general, the data showed low standard deviations, which differed by less than 10% from the measured mean values, demonstrating that the digital stereophotogrammetry technique was reproducible.
Conclusion: The impact of spontaneous smiles on the facial image comparison process should be considered, and digital stereophotogrammetry provided good reproducibility.
키워드
Forensic Anthropology; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Photogrammetry
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